Viral hepatitis

In brief

Viral hepatitis is inflammation of the liver caused by any of the viruses A, B, C, D and E. Unlike hepatitis A, hepatitis B and C (and to a lesser extent E) can become chronic, leading to liver cirrhosis and cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma). Our agency subscribes to the WHO strategy to end epidemics of viral hepatitis B and C by 2030.

The WHO estimates that 325 million people worldwide are living with hepatitis B or C, or both. The hepatitis D (delta) virus, which exclusively infects carriers of hepatitis B, affects around 5% of those in whom hepatitis B is chronic. This co-infection is the most serious form of viral hepatitis. While there is as yet no cure for hepatitis B, the vaccine is effective in preventing infection with the viruses B and D. And while there is no vaccine for hepatitis C, highly effective treatments (direct-acting antivirals or DAAs) cure 95% of infected people. However, progress is necessary to increase screening and promote access to treatment. Viral hepatitis is a real public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. To address this, research is essential.