Plasmacytoid DC during HIV-1 or -2 infection: targets for HIV cure
HIV-2 represents a real « model to identify HIV Cure”, ie spontaneeous infection control by the immune le system, granting freedom from antiretroviral drugs (ARV). Conversely, people living with VIH-1 (PV-VIH-1) cannot stop ARV without viral replication rebound. The Immunovir-2 study was created for this reason within the ANRS CO5 cohort.
In this study, we study Interféron (IFN) and dendritic cells (DC), among which plasmacytoïd DC (pDC) have particularly strong capacities to detect viruses (TLR-7), to produce type I and III IFN with antiviral activity, and after maturation to stimulate adaptive immunity.
We found that pDC stimulated by HIV-1 or _2 infected cells evolve into several sub-populations expressing genes 1) stimulated by IFN 2) for IFN activation cascades, 3) coding IFN-a et l, 4) or activation and regulation molécules for T lymphocytes (Khelfa IUIS 2025).
The aim is to compare with extreme resolution the pDC from PV-VIH-2 and PV-VIH-1 progressors (P) or non progresseurs (LTNP) and controls, to know their functions et find immune targets to develop new therapies.
1 To analyse ex vivo by (scRNAseq), combined analysis of surface protéines (CITE-Seq), the pDC from 5 PV-VIH groups, the 3 1st among d’Immunovir, to characterise différent sub populations depending on infection type, clinical evolution and sex.
1- PV-VIH2 (P), ANRS CO5, HIV-2 progressing toward AIDS
2- PV-VIH2 (LTNP) non progressive HIV-2
3- GeoHD : healthy donors from West Africa, like groups 1 and 2
4 : PV-VIH1 (P) : HIV-1 infection, sous ARV, West Africa, collaboration Odile Launay, CIC Cochin-Pasteur (IFN-HIV)
5 : PV-VIH1 (LTNP) : collaboration requested from cohort Codex.
The pDC will be purified immunomagnétically from frozen PBMC from 3 men et 3 women from each group. The 30 samples will be labeled by the TotalSeqC panel of 175 Abs labeled by oligonucleotides and fixed. GenomIC will perform encapsulation and sequencing by the technique 10x GEM-X Flex, and a primary bioinformatic analysis, which will be deepened further by the team using RStudio : différentially expressed genes, clusterisation, pseudo-trajectories yielding different sub-populations, to identify how to influence their evolution.
2 To perform in vitro a mécanistic fonctional study of pDC sub-populations, sorted by FACS using new markers discovered in (Khelfa IUIS 2025). This in vitro model, tested by spectral cytometry and unsupervised analysis (Omiq), will test the specific modulation of the developpement of these populations, playing on IFN type I-TNF-a balance or on other – factors discovered by transcriptomic analysis.
3 To perform an integrative analysis des results of the transcriptomics and the functional tests in vitro
We will identify immune targets to develop new thérapies and let the immune system take over, in a « HIV Cure» movement , Priority 3 Research for ANRS-MIE.
The post-doctoral fellow (100% ETP) will perform the experiments in a L3 facility except for encapsulation and séquençage done by GenomIC. (S )He will train the M2 student on bioinformatics/immunology (50%), and analyse with him the sequencing. S(he) will be guided and assisted by AH (80%), will benefit from experience transmission by Mehdi Khelfa (10%) Fatah Ouaaz (10%) and F Niedergang (5%). 1st trial sequencing (M3), sequencing and analysis M9, fonctional study M6, congress, article submitted and revised M9-12.